An Integrated Circuit (IC) chip is a small electronic device made of semiconductor material that contains thousands to millions of tiny electronic components such as transistors, diodes, and resistors. These chips are designed to perform specific functions such as processing data, amplifying signals, or controlling electrical systems. IC chips are widely used in various electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and home appliances. IC chips are essential to the functioning of modern electronics and are constantly being developed to be smaller, faster, and more efficient. They are designed using advanced fabrication techniques and are often mounted onto circuit boards to form electronic systems. With their small size and high reliability, IC chips have revolutionized the electronics industry, enabling the development of complex and powerful electronic devices that have become an integral part of our daily lives.